VOCs IN DECORATING AND WOODWORKING

Decorating and woodworking are creative and rewarding hobbies. However, many beginners may not realise that the materials they use can emit harmful chemicals known as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). These compounds significantly affect indoor air quality and the health of those working with or residing in spaces where they are used.

This article will cover exactly what VOCs are, why they are used, their impact, and how to minimise your exposure.

WHAT ARE VOCs?

Volatile Organic Compounds, commonly known as VOCs, are organic chemicals intentionally added to various products for specific reasons, primarily related to their chemical properties and performance characteristics. Here are some of the key reasons why VOCs are included in products:

1. Performance and Durability: VOCs can enhance the performance and durability of many products. In paints and coatings, for instance, VOCs help maintain the quality of the finish by ensuring it spreads evenly, adheres well to surfaces, and dries quickly. Similarly, VOCs can contribute to a smooth and glossy appearance in wood finishes and sealants.
2. Evaporation and Drying: VOCs are crucial for the evaporation and drying of products like paints, adhesives, and solvents. They lower the boiling point of these materials, making it easier to evaporate when exposed to air. This quick evaporation aids in applying and drying these products, allowing them to set or harden effectively.
3. Application Properties: VOCs can improve the application properties of products. In paints and coatings, for example, they can make the product easier to brush, roll, or spray, resulting in a smoother and more even finish. This makes them more user-friendly for both professionals and DIY enthusiasts.
4. Binding and Adhesion: In adhesives, VOCs play a crucial role in binding materials together effectively. They promote strong adhesion, ensuring that glued surfaces stay firmly bonded. For woodworking and construction, this is essential to maintain the structural integrity of projects.
5. Preservatives: VOCs are used in various products to extend their shelf life. By inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi, VOCs help prevent spoilage and maintain the quality of products over time.
6. Solubility: VOCs are often chosen for their ability to dissolve other substances effectively. In cleaning products and solvents, they help break down and remove dirt, grease, and other contaminants from surfaces. This solubility makes these products more efficient at their intended tasks.
7. Aromas and Fragrances: VOCs are essential in many perfumes, fragrances, and oils. They contribute to these products’ scent and aromatic qualities, enhancing their appeal.

Despite all the supposedly valuable properties of VOCs, they can easily evaporate into the air at room temperature from the products that contain them. Unfortunately, VOCs are toxic and, due to their evaporation, can contribute to various health and environmental issues.

HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

1. Respiratory Problems: Prolonged exposure to VOCs in enclosed spaces can lead to various respiratory problems, such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Individuals with pre-existing conditions like asthma are particularly vulnerable. In severe cases, VOC exposure can even trigger asthma attacks.
2. Eye and Skin Irritation: Some VOCs can irritate the eyes and skin, leading to discomfort for those working with them. 
3. Long-Term Health Risks: Chronic exposure to certain VOCs has been linked to more severe health problems, including kidney, liver, and central nervous system damage. Some VOCs are also considered carcinogenic, meaning they can potentially cause cancer.
4. Impact on Children and Pets: Children and pets are often more vulnerable to VOC exposure due to their smaller size and developing systems. It’s especially crucial to consider VOCs when decorating children’s rooms or spaces frequently used by pets.

COMMON SOURCES OF VOCs IN DECORATING AND WOODWORKING

1. Paints and Finishes: Many paints and wood finishes contain significant VOC levels. These products can release various compounds into the air, including formaldehyde, benzene, and acetone. Water-based and low-VOC alternatives are available for a safer option. These alternatives can provide high-quality results while reducing the health risks associated with traditional paints and finishes.
2. Adhesives: Glues and adhesives used in woodworking can be substantial sources of VOC emissions. Traditional solvent-based adhesives are known to release harmful fumes. Choosing low-VOC or formaldehyde-free options is wise. Consider water-based adhesives or those specifically designed for reduced emissions for woodworking projects. They offer strong bonding without the associated health risks.
3. Stains and Sealants: Products used for staining and sealing wood often contain VOCs. While these materials enhance the beauty and longevity of wood, they can also affect indoor air quality. Seek eco-friendly alternatives to reduce exposure. Low-VOC or water-based stains and sealants are widely available, providing safer options without sacrificing the quality of your projects.

REDUCING VOC EXPOSURE

1. Ventilation: Proper ventilation is essential in spaces where VOC-emitting materials are used. When working with paints, adhesives, or finishes, ensure good airflow by opening windows and using fans. An exhaust system can further improve air quality in a workshop. Adequate ventilation helps dilute and disperse VOCs, reducing exposure risk. We always make sure that windows are fully open when we are working on our DIY bits and bobs.
2. Choose Low-VOC Products: A critical step in minimising VOC exposure is to select products labelled as low-VOC or zero-VOC. These products release fewer harmful chemicals into the air while providing excellent results. Low-VOC paints, adhesives, stains, and sealants have come a long way in recent years and are often readily available in stores. In the UK, a lot of mainstream brands offer low VOC products by default, so you may be buying these without even realising. I would imagine it’s quite a different story in the US and elsewhere though.
3. Use Personal Protective Equipment: When working with VOC-emitting materials, it’s crucial to protect yourself. Wear personal protective equipment, including masks and goggles, to reduce direct contact with VOCs. Appropriate gear safeguards your health and ensures a safer working environment. Personally, I wouldn’t touch MDF or plywood without my trusty dust mask (although it does look like something out of an apocalypse movie).
4. Follow Manufacturer Recommendations: Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for product use, including recommended drying times and application methods. These guidelines are designed to help you achieve the best results while minimising health risks. Take your time with projects; patience and adherence to instructions are essential.
5. Dispose of Waste Properly: Proper disposal of materials containing VOCs is crucial. These substances are often considered hazardous waste. Be sure to dispose of them according to local regulations to prevent environmental contamination.

CONCLUSION

Decorating and woodworking can be enjoyable and fulfilling, but VOCs certainly put a damper on things. By choosing low-VOC products, maintaining good ventilation, and using proper protective measures, you can create safer and more enjoyable working environments for yourself and those around you.

It’s essential to stay informed about the products you use and take steps to reduce your exposure to VOCs. This way, you can continue pursuing your creative passions while prioritising your health and well-being.